{"id":1684,"date":"2026-08-25T10:01:32","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T07:01:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scanitex.com\/blog\/nmap-cheat-sheet-commands-tested\/"},"modified":"2026-08-25T10:01:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T07:01:32","slug":"nmap-cheat-sheet-commands-tested","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scanitex.com\/blog\/en\/nmap-cheat-sheet-commands-tested\/","title":{"rendered":"Nmap Cheat Sheet: Commands That Actually Work (Tested on a Live Host)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi folks! Most Nmap cheat sheets are a wall of flags copied from the man page, half of which you will never type. This one is different in a small but useful way: every command below was run against a live host before it went into the article, and where timing matters we measured it instead of guessing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bookmark it, skim the sections, steal the recipes at the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li><a href=\"#targets\">Specifying Targets<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#ports\">Choosing Ports<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#types\">Scan Types<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#detection\">Service and OS Detection<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#timing\">Timing and Speed<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#scripts\">NSE Scripts<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#output\">Saving Output<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#debug\">Understanding the Verdict<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#recipes\">Ten Recipes Worth Keeping<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#legal\">Before You Scan Anything<\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"targets\">Specifying Targets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nmap 203.0.113.10                 # single host\nnmap example.com                  # hostname\nnmap 203.0.113.0\/24               # CIDR block\nnmap 203.0.113.1-50               # range\nnmap -iL targets.txt              # list from a file\nnmap 203.0.113.0\/24 --exclude 203.0.113.5,203.0.113.6\nnmap 203.0.113.0\/24 --excludefile skip.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Get in the habit of keeping an <code>--excludefile<\/code> around even for small jobs. It costs nothing and it is the one flag that prevents the mistake you cannot take back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ports\">Choosing Ports<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nmap -p80,443 host                # specific ports\nnmap -p1-1000 host                # a range\nnmap -p- host                     # all 65535\nnmap -F host                      # fast: top 100\nnmap --top-ports 20 host          # N most common\nnmap -pU:53,161 host              # UDP ports\nnmap -p80,443,U:53 host           # TCP and UDP together<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One gotcha that costs people an evening: <strong><code>-F<\/code> and <code>-p<\/code> cannot be combined.<\/strong> Nmap refuses with &#171;You cannot use -F (fast scan) with -p (explicit port selection)&#187; and quits. Pick one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Default behaviour, in case you were wondering: with no port flags at all, Nmap checks 1000 common ports \u2014 not the first thousand, but the thousand most frequently found open.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types\">Scan Types<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Flag<\/th><th>What it does<\/th><th>Root needed<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><code>-sS<\/code><\/td><td>SYN scan, half-open \u2014 the default when privileged<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>-sT<\/code><\/td><td>Full TCP connect, works unprivileged<\/td><td>No<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>-sU<\/code><\/td><td>UDP scan, slow by nature<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>-sn<\/code><\/td><td>Host discovery only, no port scan<\/td><td>No<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>-Pn<\/code><\/td><td>Skip discovery, assume host is up<\/td><td>No<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-Pn<\/code> deserves special mention: plenty of internet hosts drop ICMP, so without it Nmap decides the host is down and never scans a port. If a scan returns nothing at all, try <code>-Pn<\/code> before concluding anything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># who is alive in this subnet? (no ports touched)\nnmap -sn 203.0.113.0\/24<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"detection\">Service and OS Detection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nmap -sV host                     # what software answers\nnmap -O host                      # OS fingerprint\nnmap -A host                      # -sV, -O, scripts and traceroute at once<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are the expensive flags, and it is worth seeing the numbers. On our test host a plain scan of the default 1000 ports finished in <strong>0.41 s<\/strong>. The same host with <code>-A<\/code> on a <em>single<\/em> port took <strong>19.3 s<\/strong> \u2014 roughly fifty times longer for one port instead of a thousand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also keep expectations calibrated on <code>-O<\/code>. Here is real output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 5.0 - 5.4 (93%), Linux 4.15 - 5.8 (90%), ...\nNo exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Probabilities, not facts. Useful as a hint, not as evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"timing\">Timing and Speed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nmap -T0 host    # paranoid, evades IDS, glacial\nnmap -T3 host    # default\nnmap -T4 host    # commonly recommended\nnmap -T5 host    # insane, drops accuracy\n\nnmap --min-rate 5000 host         # packets per second floor\nnmap --host-timeout 30s host      # give up on slow hosts\nnmap --max-retries 1 host         # fewer retransmits<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now the part that contradicts most cheat sheets. We timed a full 65 535-port scan three ways against a responsive host:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Command<\/th><th>Time<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><code>nmap -Pn -p-<\/code><\/td><td>16.2 s<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>nmap -Pn -p- -T4<\/code><\/td><td>16.2 s<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><code>nmap -Pn -p- --min-rate 5000<\/code><\/td><td>13.2 s<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-T4<\/code> changed nothing. Timing templates shorten waiting, and a host that answers every probe instantly gives you nothing to wait for. Against filtered targets and slow links <code>-T4<\/code> genuinely helps \u2014 just do not expect it to be a universal speed button. The full breakdown is in our piece on <a href=\"https:\/\/scanitex.com\/blog\/en\/nmap-how-to-scan-all-ports-and-analyze-the-results\/\">scanning all 65 535 ports<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scripts\">NSE Scripts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nmap -sC host                     # default script set\nnmap --script=ssl-cert host       # one specific script\nnmap --script=http-title,ssl-cert host\nnmap --script \"http-*\" host       # wildcards work\nnmap --script-help=ssl-cert       # what does this thing do<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-sC<\/code> against port 443 pulls the certificate out for you, which is genuinely handy for expiry checks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=app.scanitex.com\n| Subject Alternative Name: DNS:app.scanitex.com, DNS:scanitex.com, DNS:www.scanitex.com\n| Not valid before: 2026-07-26T10:07:53\n|_Not valid after:  2026-10-24T10:07:52<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A word of caution on script categories: <code>vuln<\/code> and <code>exploit<\/code> scripts do far more than look. They interact with the service and some of them attempt exploitation. That is a different legal and operational category from a port scan \u2014 run them only where you have explicit authorisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"output\">Saving Output<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nmap -oN scan.txt host            # normal, human readable\nnmap -oX scan.xml host            # XML for tooling\nnmap -oG scan.gnmap host          # grepable, one line per host\nnmap -oA scan host                # all three at once<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>-oA scan<\/code> writes exactly three files \u2014 we checked: <code>scan.nmap<\/code>, <code>scan.xml<\/code> and <code>scan.gnmap<\/code>. Use it by default on anything long; re-running a scan because you forgot to save is a special kind of annoying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"debug\">Understanding the Verdict<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nmap --reason host                # why Nmap decided that\nnmap --open host                  # show only open ports\nnmap -v host                      # progress while it runs<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>--reason<\/code> is underrated. It turns a bare verdict into evidence:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>22\/tcp open   ssh     syn-ack ttl 58\n25\/tcp closed smtp    reset ttl 58<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Port 22 answered with a SYN-ACK; port 25 was actively refused with a reset. A <code>filtered<\/code> port, by contrast, would show no reason at all \u2014 nothing came back. That distinction is the whole story when you are debugging a firewall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recipes\">Ten Recipes Worth Keeping<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># 1. what is alive in the subnet\nnmap -sn 203.0.113.0\/24\n\n# 2. quick look at one host\nnmap -Pn -F 203.0.113.10\n\n# 3. everything, saved properly\nnmap -Pn -p- -oA fullscan 203.0.113.10\n\n# 4. find open ports, then identify only those\nnmap -Pn -p- --min-rate 5000 --open 203.0.113.10\nnmap -Pn -p22,80,443 -sV 203.0.113.10\n\n# 5. certificate expiry check\nnmap -Pn -p443 --script=ssl-cert 203.0.113.10\n\n# 6. the usual UDP suspects\nnmap -Pn -sU --top-ports 20 203.0.113.10\n\n# 7. web ports across a whole range\nnmap -Pn -p80,443,8080,8443 --open 203.0.113.0\/24\n\n# 8. is this port reachable at all, with the reason\nnmap -Pn -p3306 --reason 203.0.113.10\n\n# 9. scan a list, skipping what must not be touched\nnmap -Pn -iL targets.txt --excludefile skip.txt -oA audit\n\n# 10. slow and quiet\nnmap -Pn -T2 --max-retries 1 -p80,443 203.0.113.10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recipe 4 is the one to internalise. Discovery and identification are separate stages precisely because <code>-sV<\/code> is expensive \u2014 running it against every port of every host is how a five-minute job becomes an overnight one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legal\">Before You Scan Anything<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Short and unglamorous, but it belongs on every cheat sheet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li>Your own hosts and ranges \u2014 scan freely.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Someone else&#8217;s \u2014 only with written authorisation, inside the agreed scope.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Bug bounty assets \u2014 inside the published scope, using the permitted techniques.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>NSE <code>vuln<\/code>\/<code>exploit<\/code> scripts \u2014 authorisation only, they are not passive.<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Checking whether a port answers is one thing; using what you found to get in is another act entirely, and computer crime law treats it that way nearly everywhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to see the outside view of a host without installing anything, our <a href=\"https:\/\/scanitex.com\/en\/scanners\/nmap\">online Nmap scanner<\/a> runs these same scan types from our machines. And when one host stops being the job \u2014 whole ranges, repeatedly \u2014 that is what <a href=\"https:\/\/scanitex.com\/en\/\">ScaniteX<\/a> is built for. Happy scanning.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi folks! Most Nmap cheat sheets are a wall of flags copied from the man page, half of which you will never type. This one is different in a small but useful way: every command below was run against a live host before it went into the article, and where timing matters we measured it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network-scanning-and-analysis"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nmap Cheat Sheet: Commands That Actually Work (Tested on a Live Host) - \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 - 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\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445 Shifther \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b ScaniteX, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c 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